Abdul Qadeer Khan contributions: “Abdul Qadir Khan (April 1, 1936 – October 10, 2021) was a Pakistani scientist renowned for his expertise in nuclear physics and engineering. With a background deeply rooted in nuclear science, he made significant contributions to the field throughout his illustrious career.”
Abdul Qadeer Khan contributions
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Abdul Qadeer Khan contributions, Origin
Abdul Qadeer Khan’s contributions to nuclear science have been invaluable, revolutionizing the field and significantly advancing nuclear technology, both in Pakistan and internationally.
“Born in Bobal, India in 1936 during British rule and prior to the partition of India, Abdul Qadir Khan hailed from a family of five brothers and two sisters, with him being the only son. His mother, Zulekha Bejum, was a devout woman who instilled religious values in him, emphasizing the importance of the five daily prayers and proficiency in Urdu and Persian languages.
Abdul Qadeer Khan contributions
Abdul Qadeer Khan’s contributions to nuclear science have been profound, pioneering advancements that have left an indelible mark on the field’s progress and development.
After completing his education at Al-Hamdiyya Secondary School in Bobal, Abdul Qadir Khan migrated to Pakistan in 1952 in pursuit of better opportunities. Tragically, his father passed away in Bobal in 1957, prompting Abdul Qadir Khan and his brothers to move to Pakistan.
In 1960, he graduated from the University of Karachi, laying the foundation for his illustrious career in nuclear physics. Throughout his life, Abdul Qadeer Khan made remarkable contributions to the field of nuclear science, shaping the landscape of nuclear technology in Pakistan and beyond.”
Abdul Qadeer Khan contributions, Overseas operations
“Safar Abdul Qadir Khan pursued his studies at the Berlin University of Technology, specializing in mineral sciences. He obtained his master’s degree in 1967 from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and completed his doctorate in 1972 from the University of Liege in Belgium.
His journey to the Netherlands wasn’t solely driven by academic pursuits; rather, it was motivated by his desire to marry a Dutch woman of African descent, whom he met by chance in Germany. Their marriage, held at the Pakistani embassy in the Netherlands in the early 1960s, marked a significant personal milestone.
Abdul Qadeer Khan contributions
Despite efforts to return to Pakistan, he faced challenges. While offered a position at an iron factory in Karachi after completing his master’s, his lack of practical experience led to rejection. Undeterred, he pursued doctoral studies in Belgium. Despite applying for scholarships in Pakistan, he received no response. Instead, he accepted a senior role at FDO Engineering in the Netherlands, a company linked to Al-Orunco, a European consortium involved in uranium enrichment.
His tenure at FDO Engineering provided invaluable experience, particularly in centrifuge technology. This expertise formed the foundation of Pakistan’s later nuclear program.
In 1974, India’s nuclear test spurred Dr. Khan to write to Pakistan’s Prime Minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, offering his expertise to establish Pakistan’s nuclear program. By 1975, he had left the Netherlands for Pakistan at Bhutto’s behest.
Abdul Qadeer Khan contributions
Although Dutch authorities investigated allegations of espionage, no evidence surfaced linking Dr. Khan to such activities. In 1976, he returned to Pakistan permanently, where he and his family settled.”
Death
Abdul Qadir Khan passed away on Sunday, October 10, 2021, in Islamabad, Pakistan’s capital, at the age of 85.
Eternal Links
Development and proliferation of atomic bombs
The first atomic bomb was developed in Los Alamos, New Mexico, during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project. Approved on November 25, 1942, by Brig. Gen. Leslie R. Groves and physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, Los Alamos was designated as the main scientific laboratory for the atomic bomb, known as Project Y. The successful test of a plutonium-based bomb occurred on July 16, 1945, approximately 193 km (120 miles) south of Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Abdul Qadeer Khan contributions
The use of the first atomic bomb in warfare occurred on August 6, 1945, when the United States dropped a uranium-based bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. The devastating explosion instantly destroyed 11.4 square km (4.4 square miles) of the city, killing approximately 70,000 people, with the death toll surpassing 100,000 by the end of the year. Nagasaki was targeted with a plutonium-based bomb on August 9, 1945, resulting in 39,000 deaths and 25,000 injuries, with around 40 percent of the city’s structures damaged or destroyed. The Japanese initiated surrender negotiations shortly afterward.
Following World War II, the United States conducted atomic bomb test explosions in the Pacific Proving Grounds, including Bikini and Enewetak atolls in the Marshall Islands, as well as in Nevada. Subsequently, other countries, including the Soviet Union (1949), Great Britain (1952), France (1960), China (1964), India (1974), Pakistan (1998), and North Korea (2006), developed and tested their own atomic weapons. These weapons utilize the immense temperatures and pressures generated by fission reactions, which can also initiate fusion reactions, enabling the detonation of thermonuclear bombs.
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